Food & drink

Caffeine charts, chili heat, steak temperatures, brewing ratios and storage times.

• Air fryer time and temperature conversion Convert oven recipes to air fryer settings for fries, chicken, salmon and muffins — usually 20 °C lower heat and about 20% less time.
• ABV of common alcoholic drinks Typical ABV percentages for 30 drinks — beers, wines, sakes, spirits, liqueurs and cocktails — to compare strength across menus and labels.
• Caffeine in drinks chart Caffeine per cup for coffee, espresso, tea, energy drinks and cola — with the 400 mg daily adult limit and safe pregnancy guidance.
• Coffee brewing ratios Golden-ratio coffee brewing: grams per litre/ml for pour-over, French press, espresso, cold brew and moka, with the SCA 1:18 standard.
• How long food keeps in the fridge Fridge (≤4 °C) and freezer storage times for meat, dairy, cooked food and produce — FDA/USDA-based guidance to cut waste safely, with the 2-hour rule.
• Oven temperature conversion (°C, °F, gas mark) Convert oven temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit and British gas marks — very slow to very hot, with a formula and German Stufe for EU ovens.
• Pasta serving sizes per person How much pasta to cook per person: dry weight and cooked yield for spaghetti, penne, fusilli, lasagne, fresh pasta and gnocchi, plus typical cooking times.
• Scoville scale: chili pepper heat Scoville heat units explained: bell pepper 0, jalapeño 2,500–8,000, habanero 100k–350k, Pepper X up to 2.69M SHU — with capsaicin basics.
• Standard drinks and ABV by country What a “standard drink” is in each country — US 14 g, UK 8 g, Australia 10 g — with ABV ranges for beer, wine and spirits and how to count units.
• Steak doneness temperatures Steak doneness from blue rare to well done — internal °C/°F, color and texture, plus carryover cooking and resting rules.
• Sugar in popular drinks compared How much sugar is in popular drinks? Grams, teaspoon equivalents and calories for cola, orange juice, energy drinks, bubble tea and other favourites.